Knowledge · MOQ and calculation
MOQ and calculation in private label
Why minimum order quantities exist and how contract manufacturers calculate them.
MOQ (minimum order quantity) is the smallest quantity a manufacturer can produce economically. It results from fixed costs per batch (set-up, cleaning, batch accompaniment), minimum order quantities of raw materials and packaging, and testing costs. At INOPREX the white label MOQ starts at 10,000 units per SKU; private label MOQs are project-dependent.
Cost blocks of a batch
| Cost block | Example | Scales with quantity? |
|---|---|---|
| Set-up and cleaning time | Line down, clean, reconfigure | No (fixed) |
| Batch analysis and release | Microbiology, stability, release testing | Partly |
| Raw materials | Actives, excipients | Yes |
| Packaging | Primary pack, label, carton | Yes (with material MOQ) |
| Documentation | Batch record, PIF update | No (fixed) |
Why 10,000 units?
Below this size fixed costs spread over too few units — the unit price becomes unattractive. 10,000 units per SKU is the point where most contract manufacturers can work economically.
Frequently asked questions
Can the MOQ be negotiated?
For white label rarely — the MOQ reflects real fixed costs. For private label we calculate individually and show alternatives (e.g. a smaller first batch at a higher unit price).
Applied to your project
We apply these rules directly to your project — from classification to market access. First assessment within two working days.